Criminal Justice

Criminal Justice is the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and treatment efforts. Criminal justice is also a field of study. Those accused of a crime have some protection against abuse of investigatory and prosecution powers.

In the United States, criminal justice policy has been guided by the 1967 President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, which issued groundbreaking details "The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society". These details made more than 200 recommendations as part of a complete approach toward the prevention and struggle of crime. Some of those recommendations found their way into the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. The criminal justice system in England and Wales aims to "decrease crime by bring more offenses to justice, and to lift public self-assurance that the system is reasonable and will deliver for the law-abiding citizen." In Canada, the criminal justice system aims to equilibrium the goals of crime control and avoidance, and justice (protection of individual rights). In Sweden, the overarching goal for the criminal justice system is to decrease crime and boost the security of the people. In China, the justice system aims to keep the society functioning well and to defend every person's rights. Overall, criminal justice plays a vast role throughout society as a whole in all of its location.

Law enforcement

The first contact a suspect has with the illegal justice system is usually with the police, law enforcement that examines the suspected incorrect doing and makes an arrest, but if the suspect is unsafe to the entire nation, a national level law enforcement agency is called in. When warranted, law enforcement agencies or police officers are empowered to use force and other forms of legal force and means to affect the public and social order. The term is most commonly linked with police departments of a state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a defined official or territorial area of responsibility. The first police force alike the present day police was established in 1667 under King Louis XIV in France, although modern police usually trace their origins to the 1800 organization of the Marine Police in London, the Glasgow Police, and the Napoleonic police of Paris.

Police are mostly concerned with maintaining the peace and enforcing the criminal law based on their peculiar mission and jurisdiction. Formed in 1908, the Federal Bureau of Investigation begins as an entity which could investigate and enforce specific federal laws as an investigative and law en-for cement agency. In the United States; this, however, has constituted only a small part of overall policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in unlike contexts, but the predominant ones are concerned with order protection and the provision of services. During modern times, such endeavors contribute toward fulfilling a shared mission among law enforcement organizations with honor to the historic policing mission of deterring crime and maintaining societal order.

Criminal Justice and Behaviour (C.J.B): 

Criminal Justice and Behaviour seek contributions investigative psychological and behavioral aspects of the juvenile and criminal justice systems. The concepts "criminal justice" and "behavior" should be interpreted mostly to content analyses of the etiology of delinquent or criminal behavior, the process of law violation, of victim-logy, offender categorization and analysis, deterrence, and incapacitation. Criminal Justice and Behaviour (C.J.B), associate rework and available monthly, promotes scholarly evaluations of judgment, categorization, prevention, interference, and handling programs to help the correctional expert develop successful programs based on sound and educational theory and research basics.

Criminal Justice and Behaviour seeks improvement examining psychological and behavioral aspects of the young and criminal justice systems. The concept criminal justice and behavior should be translated generally to include analyses of the etiology of delinquent or criminal behavior, the process of law violation, of victim-logy, reprobate classification, and handling, deterrence, and incapacitation. The journal will consist of an analysis of both customers and workers in the justice system, and it will contain analyze the effects of differing approve or programs. The journal emphasizes news of exclusive empirical research, theoretical contributions, development and testing of ground-breaking programs and practices, and critical reviews of literature or theory on middle topics of criminal justice and behavior.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to examine the effects of mental health problems on violence by means of a sample of incarcerated offenders. The sample brings with it several advantages. First, we were able to examine more serious types of violent acts than prior studies that used samples from the general population. Second, because everyone in the sample was convicted of a crime, we were able to control by design for factors related to criminal behavior more usually. Third, using a convicted offender sample enabled us to minimize “criminalization of mental illness” as an alternative explanation. We have already discussed the major limitations of our study: the unknown generalizability of results from patient sample, the fact that we cannot evaluate violent offender

With no offenders, and the measurement of mental health problems. Future research must determine the generalizability of these results beyond the prison walls. That research should control for prior violence, not other forms of misconduct, given the evidence that mental health is unrelated to a number of prior nonviolent offenses. It also suggests, at least tentatively, that our results would be similar if we had compared violent offenders to no offenders. Regarding measurement error, we view our analysis as a conservative test of the association between mental health problems and violence. We are encouraged by the fact that we obtained similar results using a measure based on self-reported mental illness, even though that measure was rather weak. Future research must determine whether the findings hold up with better measures of mental illness, particularly measures that reflect diagnostic categories and symptom metrology. Because our measure is nonspecific, the observed effects presumably reflect an average across all types of emotional problems that lead people to receive treatment. In sum, mental health problems are more strongly associated with assaultive violence and sexual offenses than with other types of crimes. We believe that our study provides strong evidence that this association is causal. In addition, the results suggest that there is some validity to the folk wisdom that mental illness is implicated in the most anti-normative violent behaviors.